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Evolution Korea The democratic system in South Korea is prone to populist tendencies. It's still better than expected. The country is seeking a new way of developing. The Confucian culture, which stresses respect for ancestors and as and gender-specific family relationships, continues to be influential in the society. However, there are signs that a secularist culture is emerging. Origins In the prehistoric era, the ancestors of modern Koreans lived by hunting and gathering wild food. Around 10,000 years ago they began to cultivate millet and beans as well as other crops. They also raised livestock and created furs. They established tribal states in Manchuria and later on the Korean peninsula. They also established an industry of metallurgy, which produced iron tools, including bronze. They traded with other states and introduced celadon papermaking block printing art styles, and writing to Japan. Gojoseon was founded in 2333 BCE on the southern peninsula. This state embraced Buddhism and adopted Chinese culture including Confucian philosophy. During 에볼루션사이트 of Buyeo joined Gojoseon. Gojoseon was a state of hierarchy where the monarch and other senior officials were members of the aristocracy of the land, while the rest of its population was peasants. The state took taxes from these citizens and sometimes even forced them to serve in the army or to build fortifications. Onjo, a prince from Goguryeo who was also the son of Jumong the founder of Goguryeo and the state of Baekje at the close of the time. The new kingdom expanded its territory into the southwest of the peninsula and fought with Goguryeo and China's commandos in the region. Baekje included elements of Confucian thinking into its state beliefs and made the male-centric filiopiety idea as a law in 1390 CE. Under the cover of filiopiety fathers were responsible to their families. They had to be obeyed by all and respected even by their grandchildren and children. Goryeo, which would rule from 918 to 1392 CE gave the world the Hangul alphabet built on the patterns created by the mouth when it was pronounced. This greatly improved communication and led to a boom in the writing of Buddhist text. Additionally, movable metallic type printing was introduced and woodblock printing was refined. It was at this time that the Samguk sagi, or 'History Of the Three Kingdoms' was first recorded in 1145 CE. Development in Korea The Korean peninsula has been habitable since Neolithic times. Early evidence for human settlements is visible in the form of stone-lined cist graves with precious items like amazonite jewellery being buried alongside the dead. Megalithic structures, known as dolmens, and made of large stones in a single piece, are prevalent throughout the country. In the first part of the 1st millennium BCE, Gojoseon established itself as the first recognized political state. After that, the peninsula was ruled by several states in the Three Kingdoms period (57 BC- 635 CE) including Baekje Goguryeo and Silla. The northern portion of the peninsula was occupied for a time by the Balhae Kingdom that historians do believe to be a real Korean state. Following the Three Kingdoms arose the Proto-Three Kingdoms Period, or Several States Period. Baekje, the most powerful of these states, was diminished by the fall of Goguryeo (676 CE) leaving only its southern regions in Manchuria, and western region around Hwanghae Bay. Eastern Buyeo as well as the Gaya confederacy, flourished for a short period of time. The Unified Silla kingdom then emerged and the three kingdoms began to collaborate to expand their territories. In the end, Silla, with significant Chinese aid, conquered all other states and united the peninsula in 935 CE. As Korea enters the post-crisis era its development model appears to be in flux. Those who are appalled by the immense cost of the old system would prefer a thorough program of liberalization of capital as well as labor markets. On the other hand the supporters of the old system seek to preserve it through nationalist sentiments, and by exaggerating fears about possible job loss. The academic and policy analysts remain sharply divided on the extent to the extent that these two developments are driving Koreas shift towards an entirely new model of economic governance. This article analyzes the five phases of the Korean evolution in terms of its political development that include illiberal democracies (1945-60), democratic autoritarianism (1961-72) authoritarian exceptionalism (1972-1877), democratic paternalism (2001-2002) and democratic participation (2002). This article also identifies key factors that seem to influence these processes. Creationism in Korea In South Korea, 26 percent of the population is Christian. Creationists have succeeded in promoting their beliefs to this population. A 2009 survey showed that almost one-third of respondents didn't believe in evolution. Of those who voted, 41% stated that there was insufficient scientific evidence to support the theory; 39% believed it was contrary to their religious beliefs; and 17 percent said they didn't know what it meant. This level of doubt is comparable to that of the United States where a similar percentage do not believe humans evolved from earlier types of life. In the past, the anti-evolutionist campaign in Korea was focused on teaching students and the introduction of Christ to them. A significant increase in interest in creation science came in the year 1980, when there was the inauguration of a four-day seminar during the World Evangelization Crusade in Seoul that featured Drs. Henry Morris and Duane Gish of ICR as the keynote speakers. The event attracted an impressive crowd of scientists, professors and church leaders. The success of this event resulted in the founding of the Korea Association of Creation Research (KACR) on January 31st, 1981. The inaugural meeting was widely reported in the national press, including The Korea Times and Chosun Ilbo and attracted a lot of attention. KACR began publishing a monthly newsletter called CREATION, which published its activities and published articles about the scientific evidence supporting creationism. It also translated a number of films and slides from ICR, as well as a few books on creationism that were in print outside of Korea. KACR members also gave talks at universities and churches throughout the country. A KACR success was witnessed at the KAIST University in Seoul. There, students were so interested in the idea of creationism that they raised enough money and support to put up a small museum on campus showing creationist models of fossils and other exhibits. In addition to its work, KACR has published a bimonthly magazine called CREATION. This magazine covers topics that pertain to the science of creation. It also sponsored a series of lectures by ICR staff. It has also established a network of local branch offices that give seminars and talks to schoolchildren and community groups. Evolution in South Korea In the latter part of the nineteenth century and into the early twentieth century, Korea began to adopt a more Westernized style of life. The traditional hanbok, or Korean dress, was replaced to miniskirts, as well as other fashion elements from overseas. In the same way, traditional Korean music styles were replaced by modern rock and roll and jazz. During this time the famous samulnori or masked dance-dramas, were popular with the general public. These dramatic dances were performed to the accompaniment of shaman drums as well as various types of musical instruments. The economic crisis has shaped Korea's new development paradigm. The main challenge for the new regime is to find the right balance between state-led economic policies and market-oriented ones. It also requires a change in the incentives, monitoring, and disciplining schemes that have shaped the pre-crisis system. These issues are discussed in Chapters 3 & 4. Baekje was founded by Onjo Prince and third son of Jumong of Goguryeo, was founded by people from the Hangang River area, Buyeo, and other areas and also by a migrant from northern China. Baekje was one of the major regional powers in the 4th century extended its territory to Mahan in north and Jeollanam-do south. In the process, it entered into frequent conflict with Goguryeo and the Chinese commanderies along the border. The fall of Silla in the late 8th and early 9th centuries allowed powerful local factions to emerge. Gungye was a nobleman from Later Baekje who established a kingdom in Songak with Songak as its capital. He was the ruler of a large portion of today's Jeolla province as well as Chungcheong. Later, he moved the capital to Wansanju and became a rival to Goguryeo. However, his rule was short-lived. After Gungye was defeated by a powerful local leader Wang Geon, who united Goryeo with Baekje and Silla in 935. Later, Baekje was peacefully integrated into Goryeo as an heir state. Wang Geon also introduced fundamental reforms, and strengthened the centralized ruling system. This marked the end of the Three Kingdoms period. From that point the Korean peninsula was controlled by the Goryeo Dynasty. During the Three Kingdoms period, Goguryeo, Baekje and Silla gradually became powerful states in Manchuria and on the peninsula.